Lithium LiFePO4 vs Lead-Acid cost analysis
The application need is summarized in the above table:
| SPECIFICATIONS | VALUE |
|---|---|
| Stored Energy | 50KWh |
| Cycling frequency | 1 x discharge/charge per day |
| Average ambient temperature | 23°C |
| Expected Lifespan | 3000 Cycles, or 8 years |
The costs of delivery and installation are calculated on a volume ratio of 6:1 for Lithium system compared to a lead-acid system. This assessment is based on the fact that the lithium-ion has an energy density of 3.5 times Lead-Acid and a discharge rate of 100% compared to 50% for AGM batteries.
The cost per cycle, measured in € / kWh / Cycle, is the key figure to understand the business model. To calculate it, we consider the sum of the cost of batteries + transportation and installation costs (multiplied by the number of times the battery is replaced during its lifetime). The sum of these costs is divided by the net consumption of the system (50kWh per cycle, 365 cycles per year, 8.2 years of use). The result is summarized in the table below:
| LEAD-ACID AGM | LITHIUM-ION | |
|---|---|---|
| Number of installations | 6 (1 + 5 replacements) | 1 |
| Battery cost | 60 000€ (100€/KWh x 100 x 6) | 20 000€ (400€/KWh x 50 x 1) |
| Installation cost | 12 000 € (2000 € per install x 6) | 2000 € (one shot install) |
| Transportation cost | 6 000€ (1 000€ per transport x 6) | 1 000€ (one shot install) |
| TOTAL COST | 78 000€ | 23 000€ |
| Cost per usable KWh per cycle | 0.42€ / usable kWh (78 000 / 3000 / 50) | 0.15€ / usable kWh (23 000 / 3000 / 50) |
In summary, the total cost of ownership per usable kWh is about 2.8 times cheaper for a lithium-based solution than for a lead acid solution.
We note that despite the higher facial cost of Lithium technology, the cost per stored and supplied kWh remains much lower than for Lead-Acid technology. The reason is related to the intrinsic qualities of lithium-ion batteries but also linked to lower transportation costs.
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